Nearly three decades after the official demise of apartheid, the question remains: Will racism ever end in South Africa? The nation’s journey towards realizing its vision as the “Rainbow Nation” has been long and arduous.

Racism is still a major issue plaguing all facets of South African society, according to the director of the Racism, Discrimination and Diversity Unit at the University of Witwatersrand. From workplaces to schools to neighbourhoods, racial discrimination and prejudice remain deeply entrenched.

Government efforts like the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act have sought to proactively address racism. However, many believe implementation has fallen short. The laws are there, but they’re not being properly enforced or achieving their intended impact.

For some, the enduring racial divide is a sobering reminder of apartheid’s devastating legacy. The systemic oppression and dehumanization under apartheid will take generations to fully overcome, says one social activist. True reconciliation requires an open confrontation with that painful history.

Others are more optimistic about South Africa’s prospects. One businessman points to the country’s racial, ethnic and cultural diversity as a source of great potential. The Rainbow Nation dream can be realized through genuine efforts at integration, dialogue and mutual understanding between all groups.

As South Africa’s youth comes of age in the post-apartheid era, some see hope in this generation’s outlook. Young South Africans don’t have the same burdens and are forging an inclusive identity, according to a student leader. Racism’s days are numbered if efforts towards equality keep pushing forward.

Undoubtedly, the path ahead won’t be easy. But for this nation born from the struggle against institutionalized racism, the pursuit of unity and equality remains ingrained in its spirit. Whether the dream is ultimately achieved may depend on South Africa’s willingness to frankly confront its racial fault lines.